Darknet: definition, access and important facts
The darknet is one of the most mysterious topics on the internet and is often associated with negative connotations. But what exactly is behind this term? How do you get onto the darknet and is it really the scene of exclusively illegal activities? In this article you will find a clear and factual explanation of terms such as darknet, deep web, darknet sites and more.
What is the darknet? A definition
The darknet is a special part of the internet that cannot be searched using conventional search engines such as Google or Bing. It consists of networks that are either deliberately anonymized or encrypted in order to offer users privacy and protection from surveillance. It is a subcategory of the so-called deep web, which consists of all parts of the internet that are not indexed or publicly accessible.
Unlike the normal (“visible”) internet, access to the darknet is made possible by special software or configurations that offer additional anonymity. Well-known technologies that enable the darknet include Tor (The Onion Router) and I2P (Invisible Internet Project).
Difference between Deep Web and Darknet
The terms deep web and darknet are often confused, but are not synonymous.
- Deep web refers to the entire area of the internet that is not indexed by search engines. Examples include password-protected websites, databases or company networks.
- The darknet, on the other hand, is a specific sub-category of the deep web that is strongly focused on anonymity and requires special software such as the Tor browser to access it.
Despite the negative public perception, the darknet is not only used for illegal activities. For example, it is used by journalists, whistleblowers and activists to communicate with increased data protection.
How do you access the Darknet?
To gain access to the Darknet, it is necessary to download and install the correct software. The best-known access is via the Tor browser. Here are the basic steps:
- Download the Tor Browser: The Tor Browser can be downloaded from the official website. It is based on Mozilla Firefox and is specially designed to make the user anonymous.
- Installation: After downloading, the Tor Browser can be installed and started. When opened, the browser establishes a connection to an anonymization network.
- Navigating the Darknet: Websites on the Darknet often have the domain extension “.onion”, which is only accessible via the Tor browser. Special search engines for the Darknet, such as DuckDuckGo on the Tor network or Ahmia, can be used to find pages.
Important: Access to the Darknet is not illegal in itself. However, it depends on what content is accessed or what activities are carried out there.
What content can be found on the Darknet?
The content of the darknet is diverse and far-reaching. Here are a few examples:
- Marketplaces (darknet markets): Platforms such as the infamous Silk Road market offered illegal goods such as drugs or weapons in the past. Current marketplaces operate in a similar way, although access is often by invitation.
- Forums & communities: Communication platforms that allow users to exchange information anonymously. This often involves support in authoritarian regimes or the exchange of sensitive data.
- Journalism & whistleblowing: The darknet is used by organizations like SecureDrop to securely link anonymous tipsters and journalists.
- Legal resources: Some legally operating websites offer services on the Darknet to maximize privacy and security.
Search engines on the Darknet
In contrast to the conventional internet, there are no comprehensive search engines like Google on the darknet that index all websites. Instead, there are specialized darknet search engines that provide targeted support for navigation. Examples include
- Ahmia: Indexes legal content on the Tor network and makes it easy to search.
- Candle: A minimalist search engine created specifically for “.onion” sites.
- NotEvil: Another darknet search engine with a user-friendly interface.
Since the availability and legitimacy of such search engines can fluctuate, caution is advised.
Risks and security on the darknet
The darknet is not an unfiltered space where no rules apply. Users should be aware of the potential risks:
Risks:
- Illegal content: A lot of content and sites on the Darknet operate outside the law and can have legal consequences.
- Malware and phishing: There are numerous threats such as malicious software or fake sites that can steal personal information.
- Surveillance: Despite the anonymity offered by Tor and the like, there are reports of state organizations monitoring darknet activities.
Safety measures:
- Only use trustworthy pages and links.
- Stay anonymous by not sharing personal information or using insecure plugins.
- Use a VPN to additionally protect your privacy.
Conclusion: Consciously understanding and using the darknet
The darknet has established itself as an important part of the digital infrastructure, offering both positive applications and risks. The spectrum of its use ranges from the promotion of freedom of expression to illegal activities. Anyone who wants to use the darknet, darknet sites or a search engine on the darknet should do so well informed and with the necessary security precautions.
Interested in even more in-depth information? Stay curious and keep up to date with our articles on the deep dark web.